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Permalink Reply by archaeopteryx on October 7, 2012 at 2:56pm

Freud also said that sometimes a cigar is just a good smoke --

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Permalink Reply by onecae on October 7, 2012 at 5:59pm

sometimes

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Permalink Reply by archaeopteryx on October 7, 2012 at 2:45pm

@onecae - at a point in the past, earlier for Muslim philosophers and near the Age of Reason for some Christian philosophers, the two groups, separately of course, reached a conclusion that god doesn't exist in a physical place, i.e., "heaven," but rather within each of us. I could go into more detail, but I would have to make sure that every detail was precisely correct, or my statements would be picked apart, and I really don't have time for that, but check some history of religion books, you'll find it's in many of them.

Some believed that whole, "god is light" thing, and felt that "sparks" of that light went into everything, animate and inanimate. One group even went so far as smoking great amounts of tobacco, to "release the sparks" - I, on the other hand prefer to empty a bottle of beer, for the same reason - at least that's my excuse, and I'm sticking to it! Which reminds me --

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Permalink Reply by onecae on October 7, 2012 at 5:57pm

It's hard to determine what another persons thinks the word 'god' means.  There's a long history justifying your belief that your statements about it would be picked apart by others- they might even ignore your statements and just pick your body apart.  Thanks for the tip about reading some history of religion books - it never hurts to be reminded that there are others - so right back at you.     "...reached a conclusion that god doesn't exist in a physical place..."  If god doesn't exist, then certainly god doesn't exist in a physical place.

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Permalink Reply by archaeopteryx on October 7, 2012 at 7:21pm

RE: "If god doesn't exist, then certainly god doesn't exist in a physical place"

I think you're missing my point, oneK - these groups weren't saying that god doesn't exist (I do, they didn't) - they were saying that he/she/it existed inside everything in existence, rather than in a heaven somewhere.

I suggest you research Israel ben Eliezer, of Poland, aka, "the Besht," among the Jews and Spinoza, among the Christians, who was considered an atheist because his views of Christianity differed so significantly from the typical Christian Trinitarian doctrines.

A good book with which to begin, would be A History of God, by Karen Armstrong, that will take you on an evolutionary journey into all of the many different concepts that arose, over time, throughout the Judeo/Christian/Islamic world.

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Permalink Reply by archaeopteryx on October 7, 2012 at 7:25pm

BTW, onecae, any idea which one is you?

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Permalink Reply by onecae on October 7, 2012 at 10:07pm

I am the one looking at the screen.

Permalink Reply by archaeopteryx on October 7, 2012 at 10:24pm

Good to know.

Permalink Reply by onecae on October 7, 2012 at 8:18pm

Thank you for listing prerequisites for understanding you – parent, professor, boss. Note that I am not giving you a reading list; I can, but I think there’s a better way. Suppose for the purpose of this blog that we can understand each other by the words we write here and now. I’m already getting a picture of you as just a conduit/advertisement for the ideas of others – nothing original, all copy. If this is the case, then why should I believe your reading list is better than the thousands of reading lists provided by others?

God doesn’t exist?  God doesn’t exist in a physical location? What are you talking about?

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Permalink Reply by archaeopteryx on October 7, 2012 at 8:44pm

I would answer that 1K, but I wouldn't want to waste your time (or mine) by regurgitating the ideas of others --

Permalink Reply by Rachel Anne Dort on February 18, 2012 at 9:07pm

The religiously dogmatic are very fond of Black and White thinking, especially about morals. The either/or argument, essentially something is either good or bad, right or wrong. They are objective moralists embodied. For them, what their deity or scriptures say is morally correct is always correct under every circumstance with no exceptions to the rules.

The reason this is an important philosophical topic to consider, is because morals are not objective and viewing the world through this lens of objective morality leads to heavy dogma, militant belief, and often human suffering. Consider Sharia Law as presented by the Taliban as a good example.

Morals are ambiguous at best and depend heavily upon both the individual viewing the incident as well as the situation that encompasses the incident.

We see this frequently in our day to day society.

As an example, most human beings would agree that murder is morally wrong. Murder being defined as taking another human beings life before they would die from natural causes. However, we view soldiers as morally correct for killing enemies, although intrinsically they are still taking a life before it's time. We even view civilian deaths as being less morally wrong than "murder," but more morally wrong than killing an enemy combatant.

Furthermore, it is somehow more morally wrong to kill a child than it is to murder an adult. Even though rationally, an Adult offers more towards the function of our society than a child does and so their death will impact more individuals, it is still viewed as worse to kill the child.

As another example, most human beings would say that stealing is morally wrong. You should not take things that do not belong to you. However, this is not always true.

If a mother is too poor to afford food for her starving infant and therefor steals food to feed said infant, it is not viewed as being morally wrong. The reason being that the greater moral crime would be to allow the infant to starve to death.

From these examples we can conclude that there is no absolute and unbreakable moral code. Hence the term "relative morality," because one man's evil is another man's good.

The only potential objective moral code I am aware of is the golden rule. We can find evidence of it in most civilizations throughout history. Namely, "Do to someone else, what you would want them to do to you."

This general rule forms the basis for most normal human beings' moral codex: Don't kill people, Don't steal or otherwise take what is not yours (whether property or spouses), Don't cause harm, major discomfort or serious problems for others, treat people respectfully and kindly,  and help others when you can.

From this perspective you could say an objective morality exists. However, generally speaking if you can find a single bit of evidence to disprove a hypothesis (e.g. the earlier example about murder) than said hypothesis is not very sound. It would be better to either discard such a hypothesis, or to modify it so that it is more valid.

An interesting thing is that young children have an absolute moral code. They view the world as the religious do, with definitive rights and wrongs. Something is either good, and therefor should be rewarded, or bad and should be punished.

You can often discover how mentally developed a child is by posing the stealing mother story to them and asking if the mother was wrong to steal. More developed children will normally say the mother should not be punished, because she was only protecting her child, whereas the less mentally developed child will say the mother should be punished because stealing is wrong.

This is a decent article to help understand children's moral thinking and thereby understand the moral thinking of the religiously dogmatic.

Pay attention to the section on Jean Piaget. His work went a long way in helping me to understand people with unchangeable moral codes.

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Permalink Reply by Unseen on February 19, 2012 at 12:29am

Without naming names, there appear to be a number of members posting here who drank the tainted Kool-Aid.

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